Fieldpiece HG2 - HVAC Guide System Analyzer Manual de usuario Pagina 33

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Air Conditioning Basics
e Evaporator, Condenser, Restrictor ( rottling
valve) and Compressor are the four basic components
of an air conditioner. Following one pound of refriger-
ant through the system shows the function of each com-
ponent.
Subcooled liquid refrigerant at high pressure enters
the restrictor and is throttled to saturated refrigerant at
a lower pressure.  e restrictor can be of either a  xed or
TXV/EXV type.  e xed type must be charged to a tar-
get superheat that varies with indoor and outdoor con-
ditions.  e evaporator capacity varies with the indoor
heat load on a  xed restrictor.  e TXV/EXV regulates
the size of the restriction to maintain a constant super-
heat.  is essentially adjusts the capacity of the evapora-
tor responding to the indoor heat load. TXV/EXV sys-
tems must be charged to subcooling.
A er the restrictor, refrigerant enters the evaporator
at a low temperature and pressure and boils (evaporates)
into a gas by absorbing heat from the indoor air.  e re-
frigerant stays at the same temperature and pressure un-
til all the refrigerant evaporates into a gas. A er the re-
frigerant becomes a gas, it will become superheated and
the temperature will change.  e superheat measure-
ment is the best indication of refrigerant charge level in
a  xed restrictor system and a TXV/EXV system will
keep the superheat constant.  ere must be superheat
present to ensure liquid does not  ood the compressor.
Superheat measurements are taken on the suction line
between the evaporator and compressor.
e compressor takes this low temperature, low
pressure, slightly superheated refrigerant and compress-
es it into a much higher temperature and pressure.
e highly superheated gas enters the condenser
and rejects heat into the outside air.  e refrigerant
condenses back into a liquid. Once all of the gas is con-
densed into a liquid then additional removal of heat
causes a temperature drop known as subcooling. TXV/
EXV systems are charged to subcooling since superheat
is controlled by the throttle valve. Subcooling measure-
ments are taken on the liquid line between the condens-
er and TXV/EXV.  en the subcooled liquid enters the
restrictor and the cycle starts again.
Figure 33. The Refrigeration Diamond.
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